2013年职称英语考试卫生类C级课堂笔记概括大意（3）
2012-07-22 16:14 来源：医学教育网
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例题解析
How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大脑皮层）system to determine what these new signals “mean”.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures – like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people – their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. [Page]
1. Paragraph 2 ___.
2. Paragraph 3____.
3. Paragraph 4 ___.
4. Paragraph 5 ___.
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
D differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
5. Sensory information is one that is received through ____.
6. You interpret ___by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.
7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to __.
8. We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to ___.
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinking
B. the most complex areas of our cortex
C. The immature form of thinking of a very young people
D. the meaning of incoming sensory information
E. the sights and sounds of the world
F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
l 答案及解析
1． 文章标题分析：How we form first impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her
从上面的结构可以知道“第一印象”就是我们对别人形成的最初的观点或看法。
2．小标题分析：抓住被选项中的核心词/特征词
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
2． 直接解题
A ways of departure from immature and simplistic impressions
B. comment on first impression
C. illustration of first impression
D. comparing incoming sensory information against memories
E threatening aspect of first impressions
F differences among Jocks（骗子）, Geeks（反常人） and Freaks（怪人）
1 Paragraph 2 ___.
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of
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