2012年职称英语（A）-卫生类
2013-02-02 14:32 来源：医学教育网
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Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance(A级)
The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article published in 7"he Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 (antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical industry, and international agencies.
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.
Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce- transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.
WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.
1. Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest? 抗菌药物的使用之所以会不断引起全球兴趣的原因是
________。
A The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present. 抗菌药物的滥用已经引起微生物的较强抗药性，目前没有新的药物来抵抗微生物。(正确答案)
B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past, so the researchers are more interested.微生物发展的比过去快，所以研究者更感兴趣。
C The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.
对于抗麻醉剂的细菌抗生素非常昂贵，因而制药工厂将有很大的市场。
D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacte
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