2014年职称英语考试语法解读：构词法

2014-01-20 17:02　来源：医学教育网

通过在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。

①后缀

	后　缀	例　词
名　词	-er -or -ese -ian -ist -ment -ness -tion -ing -ship -age -ty -th -ance -ence -ful -al	farmer weaver pain-killer conductor sailor transistor Chinese Portuguese Pekinese musician Egyptian physician scientist dentist communist argument judgment government happiness greatness coldness dictation preparation repetition building wedding painting leadership friendship hardship shortage marriage leakage loyalty cruelty penalty truth warmth length acceptance assistance reliance dependence confidence reference mouthful handful plateful refusal denial arrival
形容词	-al -an -ern -ble -ful -ish -ive -y -less -en -ous -ary -ic -some -like -ant	central industrial national European American Australian eastern northern southern reasonable horrible terrible cheerful grateful faithful childish Swedish selfish destructive collective active thirsty dirty windy careless homeless fearless golden wooden woolen courageous famous continuous imaginary revolutionary secondary realistic historic poetic troublesome burdensome lonesome childlike womanlike manlike ignorant significant observant
动　词	-ize -en -ify	realize modernize mechanize widen strengthen lengthen simplify beautify terrify
副　词	-ly -ward（s） -wise	perfectly happily terribly towards onward backward otherwise likewise lengthwise
数　词	-teen -ty -th	thirteen fifteen eighteen forty sixty twenty ninth tenth twentieth

②前缀

前　缀	意　思	例　词
a- dis- un- en- il-，in- im-，ir- mis- re-	处在…… 不，否定不做相反动作使可能不，非不错误的，坏的重复，再	arise aside alone dissatisfy dishonest disappear unable unknown uncommon unclose undress uncover enrich enable enslave illogical inactive incapable impossible impatient irresponsible misdoings misunderstand misfortune rewrite remarry reunite
tele- inter- non- de- co- anti- ex-	远程相互，之间不，非向相反方向发展共同反（对）以前的	telephone telegraph telescope international interact interchange non-existent non-interference non-conductor decentralize demobilize defrost co-exist co-operate co-education anti-fascist anti-tank anti-freeze ex-husband ex-president ex-serviceman

老师介绍：周涵，职称英语考试辅导专家，职业培训教育网职称英语网络辅导老师，曾在多家知名培训机构及人事考试中心主讲职称英语考试辅导课程；参与编写大量职称英语考试辅导教材；谙熟职称英语的命题规律和教材精髓，针对考试的六大题型总结出一套适合成人特点、简单易学的快速备考应试技巧，使众多学子顺利通过考试。

周涵　 2014年职称英语考试介绍及课程特色介绍　

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第二：合成

由两个或更多的词合成一个新词。

①合成形容词

例词

middle-aged cold-blooded

free-thinking strong-looking

hard-working far-seeing

freedom-loving job-hunting

water-covered man-made

quickly-cured well-known

first-class full-time

world-famous day-long

②合成名词

例词

horseback bank-note

back-yard forehead

hiding-place reading-room

workshop copybook

waterskiing handwriting

get-off break-in

output overflow

③合成动词

例词

daydream

overcome upturn

white-wash

④合成副词和代词

however maybe wherever forever

himself everyone nobody myself something

第三：转化

指一个词不变化词形，而由一种词类转化为另一种或几种词类。

①名词转化为动词

center(n.) center(v.)

②名词转化为形容词

Asian(n.)——Asian(adj.)

surplus(n.)——surplus(adj.)

③动词转化为名词

break(v.)——break(n.)

④动词转化为副词

close (v.)—— close(adv.)

⑤形容词转化为动词

clear(adj.)——clear(v.)

⑥形容词转化为代词

all(adj.) ——all (pron.)

⑦形容词转化为副词

hard(adj.) ——hard(adv.)

⑧形容词转化为名词

cold(adj.) ——cold(n.)

⑨连词转化为介词、副词

but(conj.) —— but(prep.)

——(adv.)

⑩介词转化为副词

by(prep.) —— by(adv.)

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2014年职称英语考试语法解读：构词法

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