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医学英语的特征

  1、 特殊的单复数(单数→复数)

  a→ae aortae-aortae[主动脉]

  pleura-pleurae[胸膜]

  us→i coccus-cocci[球菌]

  bacillus-bacilli[杆菌]

  um→a serum-sera[血清]

  bacterium-bactera[细菌]

  on→a phenomenon-phenomena[现象]

  criterion-criteria[标准]

  x→ces cortex-cortices[皮质]

  appendix-appendices[阑尾]

  thorax-thoraces[胸廓]

  x→ges pharynx-pharynges[咽]

  larynx-larynges[喉]

  is→es crisis-crises[危象]

  analysis-analyses[分析]

  ma→mata trauma-traumata[创伤]

  hemotoma-hemotomata[血肿]

  men→mina lumen-lumina[腔]

  abdomen-abdomina[腹]

  2、字母可互通使用

  ae-e haemorrhage-hemorrhage[出血]

  aetiology-etiology[病因]

  oe-e oedema-edema[水肿]

  oesophagus-esophagus[食管]

  ou-u oulitis-ulitis[牙龈炎]

  ouroscopy-uroscopy[尿检]

  ph-f sulphate-sulfate[硫酸盐]

  sulphonamide-sulfonamide[磺胺]

  k-c EKG-ECG[心电图]

  leukocyte-leucocyte[白细胞]

  Katabolism-catabolism[分解代谢]

  y-i syrup-sirup[糖浆]

  3、英美的不同拼写形式(英-美)

  our(英)-or(美) colour-color[颜色]

  tumour-tumor[肿瘤]

  re-er centre-center[中心]

  metre-meter[米]

  yes-yze analyse-analyze[分析]

  paralyse-paralyze[瘫痪]

  xion-ction connexion-connection[连接]

  reflexion-reflection[反射]

  mme-m gramme-gram[克]

  ogue-og dialogue-dialog[对话]

  catalogue-catalog[目录]

  c-k disc-disk[软盘]

  sceptic-skeptic[怀疑论者]

  4、词根交替现象

  mouth[口]-oral[口的]

  tooth[牙齿]-dental[牙齿的]

  tongue[舌]-lingual[舌的]

  ear[耳]-aural[耳的]

  nose[鼻]-nasal[鼻的]

  eye[眼]-ophthalmic[眼的]

  skin[皮肤]-dermal[皮肤的]

  heart [心]-cardiac[心脏的]

  liver[肝]-hepatic[肝的]

  stomach[胃]-gastric[胃的]

  lung[肺]-pulmonary[肺的]

  kideny[肾]-renal[肾的]

  neck[颈]-cervical[颈的]

  chest[胸]-thoracic[胸的]

  brain[脑]-cerebral[脑的]

  nerve[神经]-neural[神经的]

  rib[肋骨]-costal[肋骨的]

  mother[母]-maternal[母亲的]

  heat[热]-thermal[热的]

  bone[骨]-bony[骨的]

  virus[病毒]-viral[病毒的]

  saliva[唾液]-salivary[唾液的]

  respiration[呼吸]-respiratory[呼吸的]

  joint[关节]-arthritis[关节炎]

  kidney[肾]-nephritis[肾炎]

  nerve[神经]-neuritis[神经炎]

  lioer[肝]-hepatitis[肝炎]

  brain[脑]-encephalitis[脑炎]

  stomache[胃]-gastritis[胃炎]

  artery[动脉]-arteritis[动脉炎]

  bronchus[支气管]-bronchitis[支气管炎]

  heart[心]-cardiology[心脏病学]

  eye[眼]-ophthalmology[眼科学]

  cell[细胞]-cytology[细胞学]

  tumor[肿瘤]-oncology[肿瘤学]

  disease[病]-pathology[病理学]

  drug[药]-pharmocology[药理学]

  parasite[寄生虫]-parasitology[寄生虫学]

  bacterium[细菌]-bacteriology[细菌学]

  cell[细胸]-cyto-[细胞]

  blood[血]-hemo-[血]

  5、常用拉丁短语

  ad arbitrium[随意地]

  ad decubitum[临睡时]

  ad effectum[直至有效]

  ad interim[暂时]

  ad libitum(ad lib)[医学教.育网搜集随意]

  ad usum externum[外用]

  ad usum internum[内服]

  ante caenam[晚饭前]

  ante cibum[饭前]

  ante horam decubitus[睡前]

  ante jentaculum[早饭前]

  ante meridiem(A.M)[上午]

  bis in die(B.i.d)[每天二次]

  curriculum vitae (C.V)[简历]

  et al (et alia)[等等]

  exmpli gratia (e.g)[例如]

  id est (i.e)[即]

  in brevi[简言之]

  in situ[原位]

  in vitro[体外]

  in vivo[体内]

  locus in quo[现象]

  note bene(N.B)[注意]

  per annum[每年]

  per centum (percent)[百分之……]

  per diem[每日]

  per mensem[每月]

  per os (p.o)[经口]

  per rectum[经直肠]

  post meridiem (P.M)[下午]

  post mortem[死后]

  post partum[产后]

  post scriptum(P.S)[附言]

  pro dosi[一次量]

  pro et contra (pro et con)[赞成和反对]

  pro re nata (p.r.n)[必要时]

  quaque die (q.d)[每天一次]

  quaque nocte (q.n)[每晚一次]

  quaque quarta hora(q.4h)[每4小时1次]

  quaque secundo die(q.o.d)[每二天一次]

  ter in die (t.i.d)[每天三次]

  ut infra[如下所述]

  ut supra[如上所述]

  vice versa[反之亦然]

  vide infra[参见下文]

  vide supra[参见前文]

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