卫生类职称英语考试语法复习之条件状语从句
2015-02-06 11:11 来源:医学教育网
卫生类职称英语考试语法复习之条件状语从句:
条件状语从句主要由if或unless引导。
1)if条件句
if条件句:条件句用于陈述语气,表示假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是“如果”的意思。
构成条件从句主句时态 If+一般现在时 主语+shall/will+动词原形
例句:If he comes,he will take us to the zoo.
2)用法:
(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导,意为“如果、假如”,主句不能用be going to表示将来,而应该用shall,will.
If you leave now,you are never going to regret it. (错误)
If you leave now,you will never regret it. (正确)
(2)if “如果”,引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时,如:
If it rains tomorrow,I shan't climb the hills.
另外,主句是祈使句或含有情态动词,从句也用一般现在时。如:
Please call me if he comes next Sunday.
Can you call the policeman if you are in the trouble.
注意 宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态需根据语境确定。如果主句用一般现在时,从句可以根据具体情况选用时态,如果主句用一般过去时,从句必须用过去式的某种形式。
I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。
Our teacher said there was going to be a football match the next month.我们说下月将有场足球比赛。
(注意)下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词,而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意”。
If you will excuse me,I really must go to bed.
如果你能原谅我的话,我真的要睡觉了。
If you will wait a minute,I'll go and tell my mother that you are here.
如果你愿意等一会的话,我去告诉我妈妈你来了。
试比较下列句子:
If you see him tomorrow,give him this book.
如果你明天去看他,给他这本书。
If you will see him tomorrow,give him this book.
如果你明天愿意去看他,给他这本书。
2)unless引导的条件句,表示强烈的否定。翻译为“除非……”。“非……不可。”
I shan't go unless he asks me.他不来请我我就不去。
You will fail unless you work harder.你不努力就会失败的。
Don't come unless I call you.我不叫你就别来.
(注意)unless 从句里的谓语只能是肯定式,因为本身unless表示否定。
误:Unless you do not work,you will fail.
正:Unless you work hard,you will fail.
正:If you don't work hard,you will fail.
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