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药学英语unit3课后翻译：

药学英语课后翻译

Organic Chemistry Translation

1.没有化学的帮助，现代医学所取得的令人瞩目的进展是不可能的。

The remarkable advances made in modern medicine would not have been possible without the aid of chemistry.

2.既然人体从本质上讲是一台化学机器，那么，有人体功能的化学知识对医生来说就显得至关重要了。

Since the body is essentially a chemical machine， a knowledge of the chemistry of bodily functions seems essential to the physician.

3.通过植物和动物生产食品涉及到分子中原子的重新排列问题。

The production of food by plants and animals involves the rearrangement of atoms in molecules.

4.幸运的是，很少有其他工作能像研究化学那样更能激励人们去取得成功。

Fortunately， few kinds of work seem to urge people on to success more effectively than does the pursuit of chemistry.

5.迄今为止，寻求合成制品背后的动机便是祈盼以更少的钱为更多的人生产更好的东西。

So far the motive behind the search for synthetics has been a wish to produce better things for less money， and for more people.

6.人们从活体分离出越来越多的纯净物质，并认识到它们都含有碳元素，这样便诞生了有机化学

Isolation of increasing numbers of purified materials from living forms and recognition of the fact that all contained carbon gave birth to organic chemistry.

7.煤与氧结合在炉中燃烧，生成二氧化碳——一种在成分和化学性质上都不同于煤和氧的全新物质。

When coal is burned in a furnace it combines with oxygen to give carbon dioxide， a new substance with different composition and properties from coal and oxygen.

8.许多特定的化学反应之所以重要，是由于它们耗用或提供能量。

Many specific chemical reactions are important because of the energy which they use or supply.

9.在有机化学学习中，学生希望用他们熟悉的符号构成二维或三维空间的分子结构式。

In the study of organic chemistry， students are expected to use familiar symbols which are constructed into two- or three-dimensional molecular formulas.

10.从我们吃的食品、穿的衣服，到住的楼房，所有这些都在很大程度上被有机化学更新了。

From the food we eat， the clothes we wear to the buildings we live in， all have been fashioned to a considerable extent by organic chemistry.

Herbal medicine Translation

1.植物王国曾是人类唯一的药房，但你今天走进现代药店，植物用药已是踪影难寻。

The plant kingdom was once man's only pharmacy. Yet when you enter a modern chemist's shop today， you can hardly find a sign of the use of plants in medicine.

2.今天，植物用作药品的数量虽然减少了，但许多片剂、胶囊、瓶装要药之中的有效化学物质却是源于植物王国

Today the number of plants used in medicine has decreased， but hidden away in many pills， capsules， and medicine bottles are the active chemicals originally found in the plant kingdom.

3.植物所含有的化学物质有些可能有毒，有些可能是对我们极其有用的药物。

Some chemicals which plants make may be poisonous， others may be chemicals that are extremely valuable to us as medicines.

4.自从人类来到地球的几百万年中，便一直在试验着生长在其周围的各种植物。

During the many thousands of years that man has been on the earth， he has been trying out various plants that grew around him.

5.正统医学与草药施用着之间多年来存在着不信任、猜疑或敌意，这些正威胁着相互间建立良好工作关系的可能性。

There has existed for many years mistrust， suspicion or hostility between the orthodox and the herbal practitioner which threatens the possibility of a good working relationship.

6.一想到奎宁的疗效，植物药对医学所作出的巨大贡献便是再清楚不过了。

When one considers the therapeutic impact of quinine， it is evident how great is the debt of medicine to plant-derived drugs.

7.然而在过去几十年中，引入新的植物药的数量却明显地减少了。

However， the past few decades have witnessed an obvious diminution in the number of plant-derived drugs introduced into medicine.

8.祖国医药学遗产是一个取之不竭的新药宝库，它有待于我们用新的方法加以发掘医学|教育网整理。

The legacy of traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure house with an inexhaustible supply of new potential drugs which is to be explored with an introduction of new approaches.

9.如果对长春花的研究不是引进药理学方法的话，长春新碱的发现恐怕要推迟好多年。

Had pharmacological approaches not been introduced into the investigation of Vinca rosea， the discovery of vincalcukoblastine would have been postponed by many years.

10.西医很难相信一个对疾病机理一无所知的人却能治愈疾病

Western practitioners find it difficult to believe that someone who knows nothing of a disease mechanism could still be capable of curing it.

New Drugs 1 Translation

1.以前，药物都是从天然植物和动物那儿提取的，治疗方法也是以传统经验为基础的。

Formerly， drugs were extracted from natural plants and animal sources， and therapeutic use was based on traditional experience.

2.药物研制策略包括偶然发现、分子随机组合、有计划地研究某一特定化学成分的合成等方法。

Drug development strategies involve serendipity， molecular roulette， programmed basic research with synthesis of specific chemical， etc.

3. Though it's the most satisfying in the development of new drugs， the approach is expensive and there is no guarantee of success.

4.当某种药物被数百万人使用时，肯定会有不良反应出现，尽管具体到个人这种危险性并不大。

When a drug is used by millions， there are certain to be adverse reactions even though the risk to any individual is small.

5. Most drugs have a safe upper limit of dosage； beyond this toxic effects may be expected to occur.

6. Penicillin， one of the most powerful killers of bacteria was discovered quite by accident by Alexander Fleming.

7.新药的药理学实验将确定该药在模型系统中是否具备人们期待的药理功能。

Pharmacological experiment on a new drug determines whether the drug has the desired profile of action in model system.

8. The increase in knowledge of biochemical mechanisms results in a more rational approach to the development of new drugs.

9. Extensive formal toxicological tests are required before a new drug can be used on patients.

10.现在，化学家和生物学家非常重视分子生物学和生化药理学等研究领域。

Chemists and biologists have now attached great importance to such field of research as molecular biology and biochemical pharmacology.

New Drugs 2 Translation

1. The rationale for the development of new drugs should be provide better drugs； better in the sense of being either more effective， safer or cheaper.

2. The representative of the pharmaceutical manufacturer has been specially trained to promote his particular new product.

3.新药的临床评价必须在动物研究证明有效之后方可进行。

Only after animal studies have proved efficacy can clinical evaluation of new drugs be undertaken.

4.新药的人体评价可分为四个阶段，每个阶段都应在严格的监管下进行。

New drug evaluation in man can be divided into four phases each of which should be conducted under strict supervision.

5.剂量范围的研究只能在志愿者身上进行，他们应了解试验的含义，并自愿接受试验。

A dose-ranging study should only be performed on volunteers who are informed about the implications of the tests， and who give their consent freely.

6. Dose-ranging studies should only be performed under medical supervision， as there exist some possible risks during the test.

7.第三阶段的大规模临床试验将确立新药的功用以及毒副作用的频率。

Large scale clinical trials in Phase 3 are to establish new drug's profile of action and frequency of adverse effects.

8.药品研发的可观费用是由制药商承担的，他当然希望在产品最终投放市场时得到补偿。

The expensive cost in drug development is borne by the pharmaceutical manufacturer， which justifiably expects to recoup it when the product is finally marketed.

9.发表于著名期刊的有关新药的信息比以促销为生的医药代表的介绍更为可信。

Information about the new drug published in well-established journals is more reliable than that offered by the medical representative whose livelihood depends on the ability to promote the product.

10.用于新药促销方面的巨额投资不仅导致了不加区别地使用新药，同时也提高了药品的成本。

Heavy investment in promotion has not simply led to the use of undistinguished new drugs， but to a higher cost of the drugs as well.

Pharmacology Translation

1.药物作用于人体的科学叫药理学，研究这门学问的科学家便是药理学家。

The science of the effects of drugs on the body is called pharmacology， and the scientists who study it are pharmacologists.

2.药理学不是一门能够独立研究的科学，而是与其他学科紧密相关的。

Pharmacology is not a science that can be studied on its own， but that closely related to other branches of science.

3.药理学家不仅要了解人体内进行的正常反应过程，还应懂得机体功能是怎样受疾病影响的。

Pharmacologists should not only understand the normal processes that take place in the body， but know how the functions of the body are affected by disease.

4.药物用得恰当，将是人类的一大福音，用得不当，则可能毁了人类。

Properly used， drugs are great blessing to mankind； improperly used， they could destroy the race.

5.二十世纪上半叶，在药理学领域取得了突飞猛进的发展。

During the first part of the twentieth century there have been enormous strides in the field of pharmacology.

6.人类不断努力，不仅为了增寿，而且为了生活得更健康。

Man continues to strive， not only for a longer life span， but for a healthier one as well.

7.病人（特别是老年病人）经常性使用一种以上治疗药物的话，往往会发生产生毒性药物的相互作用。

With the frequent use of more than one therapeutic agent by a patient， particularly the elderly， drug interactions that result in toxicity are likely events.

8.临床医生感兴趣的主要是那些对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有效的药物。

The clinician is interested primarily in drugs that are useful in the prevention， diagnosis， and treatment of human diseases.

9.现在，由于大多数天然药物被高度提纯，且与合成的化合物无甚区别，所以临床医生对生药学的兴趣也响应减弱。

Most of the natural drugs are now highly purified and differ little from synthetic chemicals， the interests of the clinician in pharmacognosy are correspondingly decreased.

10.药效学作为一门边缘学科，大量借鉴了生理学、生物化学、免疫学、病理学等学科的理论和实验技术。

As a border science， pharmacodynamics borrows freely from both the theories and experimental techniques of physiology， biochemistry， immunology， pathology， etc……

Natural Products Translation

1.人类最古老的活动之一是对植物和动物的研究，特别是对作为食物的来源加以研究。

One of the oldest of human activities is the study of plants and animals， particularly as sources of food.

2.从远古时代起，人类不得不在一些有毒植物和无毒植物之间加以辨别，于是有关天然药物的知识逐渐形成。

From the earliest times man had to distinguish between those plants which were poisonous and those which were not and there gradually developed a knowledge of natural drugs.

3.直到本世纪初，生药学的发展主要还是在植物学方面，特别是涉及药物的性状描述和鉴定。

As late as the beginning of the present century pharmacognosy had developed mainly on the botanical side， being particularly concerned with the description and identification of drugs.

4.毫无疑问，植物王国依然拥有许多种具有医药价值的植物，这仍有待于人们的发现。

Undoubtedly the plant kingdom still holds many species of plants containing substances of medical value which have yet to be discovered.

5.由于采用了现代分离和药理试验方法，新的植物药通常是设法制成提纯物后应用于医疗的。

As a result of modern isolation and pharmacological testing procedures， new plant drugs usually find their way into medicine as purified substances.

6.生药学所采用的有关植物学、化学和物理学方面的许多技术，也可用于对食品、调味品及化妆品等其他商品的分析。

Many of the botanical， chemical and physical techniques employed in pharmacognosy are also applicable to the analysis of other commodities， such as foods， spices and cosmetics.

7.虽然生药学的研究一般是出于实用的目的，因而可称为应用科学，但它在理论科学的发展中也起了重要作用。

While pharmacognosy has been generally studied for practical purposes and may thus be called an applied science it has played an important role in the development of the pure sciences.

8.有些在民间传统中用于治疗癌症已有相当历史的植物，经过近年的植物化学检验，结果确实常分离出具有抗肿瘤活性的成分。

Recent phytochemical examination of plants which have a suitable history of use in folklore for the treatment of cancer has， indeed， often resulted in the isolation of principles with antitumour activity.

9.生物化学和生理学知识的增加，对于药理学已具有特别重要的意义，因为它使生物过程导入了化学控制的概念。

The growth of knowledge of biochemistry and physiology， which led to the concept of the chemical control of biological processes， has been of particular importance for pharmacology.

10.原始人类依靠大自然所提供的植物和草药来预防疾病、保持健康与活力。

Primitive man depended on preventive use of nature's stock of plants and herbs to avoid disease and to maintain health and vigor.

Fight Disease Translation

人们倾向于认为抗生素是人类额创造发明，而事实上，它们完全是纯自然的产物。自从英国生物学家亚历山大弗莱明（Alexander Fleming）1928年发现了有青霉真菌（the Penicillium fungus）中释放出的一种抗微生物活性的物质以来，人们已了解到这种物质能生产出高效的抗生素。

事实上，抗生素正是由它们旨在摧毁的那些生物体（有机体），即细菌和真菌，所生产出来的。在弗莱明发现青霉素之后，1943年塞尔曼魏克斯曼（Selman Waksman）又从一种土壤细菌（the soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus）中分离出链霉素（streptomycin）。科学家还没有完全弄清生物体（有机体）为何能生产出抗生素，这个问题成了某些讨论的主题。

抗生素之所以在医学上有用处，不仅因为它们能杀死无用的微生物，还因为它们不会对人体细胞造成同样的杀伤，人体细胞跟细菌的细胞完全不相同，所以它们可避免被同时摧毁。

由此，抗生素可被用来特别瞄准某些微生物，它们被称作"神奇的子弹".抗生素的这种特点同样也使它们与抗菌剂有根本的不同，后者往往对多种细胞有毒，不管是细菌的细胞亦或是人体细胞医学|教育网整理。

People are inclined to think that the antibiotics are one of human discoveries. They are actually natural products. Since the British biologist Alexander Fleming in 1928 discovered a substance released by the Penicillium fungus to combat microbes， people have come to understand that they can produce efficient antibiotics.

As a matter of fact， antibiotics are produced by those organism， namely germs and fungi， in the process of destroying. After Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin， Selman Waksman isolated streptomycin from the soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus. This problem is becoming a subject of discussion.

Antibiotics are very useful in medical science， because not only they kill useless microbes but also they don't destroy any human normal cells， which are greatly different from bacteria cells. These two knids of cells can be avoided to be destroyed at the same time.

Hence， antibiotics， called， "magic bullets"， may be used to target some microbes. This property makes an essential difference between antibiotics and antimicrobials， the latter is toxic to many cells， both germ cells and human normal cells.