红细胞

　　A red blood cell; one of the formed elements in the peripheral blood. In most mammals mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks that have no nuclei. The degree of concavity varies between species, as does the size. Birds have nucleated, oval erythrocytes. The cell consists mainly of hemoglobin and a supporting framework, called the stroma. Erythrocyte formation (erythropoiesis) takes place in the red bone marrow in the adult, and in the liver, spleen and bone marrow of the fetus. Erythrocyte formation requires an ample supply of certain dietary elements such as iron, cobalt and copper, amino acids and certain vitamins. form www.med66.com

　　又称红血球，为末梢血有形成分之一。在多数哺乳动物中，成熟红细胞呈双凹面盘样，无细胞核。凹度因物种而异，大小也各不相同。但鸟类红细胞则有核，呈椭圆形。红细胞主要有血红素和成形物质（红细胞基质）组成。红细胞生成于成人的红骨髓和胎儿的肝、脾和骨髓。红细胞生成必须要有某些饮食元素的充足供应，如铁、钴铜、氨基酸及某些维生素。

　　One of the most important red blood cell tests is used to find out how much haemoglobin there is in the blood. This is called the haemoglobin concentration or level. Haemoglobin carries oxygen around your body. Another important test, the mean corpuscular volume or MCV test, measures the size of the red blood cells.

　　红细胞检查中最重要的一项是血色素（血红蛋白）检查，即血色素浓度检查。血红蛋白输送躯体中的氧气。另一项是红细胞平均容积检查（MCV），检查红血球的容量。

　　If a person suffers from anaemia their haemoglobin level will always be less than normal. But the size of the red blood cells depends on the type of anaemia one has.

　　贫血患者的血红蛋白都会低于正常值，具体数量则取决于所患贫血的类型。

　　A haematocrit test measures the total volume that red blood cells take up in the blood. Almost all types of anaemia will cause a low haematocrit (a low red blood cell volume), as will very severe bleeding. A high haematocrit can occur if a person is dehydrated from not drinking enough fluid or because they are losing fluid as happens with diarrhoea, burns and sometimes surgery.

　　红细胞压积则测定血液中红血球的总容量。几乎所有贫血患者的红细胞压积都很低，而且容易出现严重出血。当病人因摄水不足引起脱水，或失水过多时，如腹泻、烧伤及外科手术等，就会出现高红细胞压积。 医.学教 育网搜 集

　　If the red blood cells are pale, it can be a sign of iron deficiency anaemia. If they have a strange shape, it may be because of sickle cell anaemia or pernicious anaemia.

　　通常，如果红血球变淡，可能是缺铁性贫血的症状，如果红血球形状异常，则可能是镰状细胞性贫血或恶性贫血所致。

　　Stains may also be added to the blood smear to test the blood for parasites, for example in the case of sleeping sickness or malaria. They may also test for bacteria in the case of blood poisoning.

　　也可以通过血涂片染色检查以检查血液寄生虫，如昏睡病或疟疾病人，或检查败血症病人血液中是否有细菌。

　　Red blood cell’s main function is to carry oxygen to the tissues and to transfer carbon dioxide to the lungs. This process is possible through the R.B.C. containing hemoglobin which combines easily with oxygen and carbon dioxide.

　　红血球的主要作用是向组织输送氧气及将二氧化碳输送到肺部。这一作用主要是通过血红蛋白来实现的，因为它很容易与氧气和二氧化碳结合。

　　RBC Ranges

　　红细胞范围

　　Adult Female Range: Normal 3.9 - 5.2 mill/mcl; Optimal 4.55

　　成年女性：正常3.9-5.2×1012/L，最优4.55；

　　Adult Male Range: Normal 4.2 - 5.6 mill/mcl; Optimal 4.9

　　成年男性：正常4.2-5.6 ×1012/L，最优4.9

　　Higher ranges are found in Children, newborns and infants

　　儿童、新生儿及婴儿的红细胞值较高。