学英语是个苦差事，尤其医学英语，更是量大又深奥。千万不能放松哟！今天的医学英语翻译分享来啦！

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions that takes place in the body’s cells, converting the fuel in the food we eat into the energy needed to power everything we do, from moving to thinking to growing in organisms. The three main purposes of metabolism are: the conversion of food to energy to run cellular processes; the conversion of food/fuel to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the elimination of nitrogenous wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments.

新陈代谢是一系列发生在人体细胞中用以维持生命的化学反应，通过这一系列化学反应将我们食物中的营养物质转化为能量，为我们所做的一切——从运动到思考再到成长提供能量。新陈代谢的三个主要目的是：将食物转化为能量以进行细胞代谢；将食物和营养物质转化为蛋白质、脂类、核酸和一些碳水化合物的结构大分子；清除含氮废物。这些酶催化反应使生物体能够生长和繁殖，维持其结构并对其环境做出反应。

There are two processes, or rather, two interactive channels by which metabolism runs.

Catabolism refers to the breakdown of food components (such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats) into their simpler forms, which can then be used to create energy. Think of it as your “destructive metabolism” which produces the energy required for all activity in the cells. In this process, cells break down carbohydrates and fats to release energy and fuel all anabolic reactions, such as heating the body, giving the muscles power to contract and the body to move. As complex chemical units are broken down into more simple substances, the waste products released in the process of catabolism are removed from the body through the skin, kidneys, lungs, and intestines.

Anabolism is your “constructive metabolism” that gives which is all about building and storing. All anabolic processes support the growth of new cells, the maintenance of body tissues, and the storage of energy for use in the future.

有两个过程，或者更确切地说，有两个代谢运行的交互式通道。

●异化作用（又叫做分解代谢）：是指将食物营养物质（如碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂肪）分解成更简单的形式，用于产生能量。把它想象成是你的“破坏性新陈代谢”，产生细胞内所有活动所需的能量。在这个过程中，细胞分解碳水化合物和脂肪，释放能量，加速所有合成代谢反应，如加热身体，使肌肉收缩，身体移动。由于复杂的化学单元被分解成更简单的物质，在分解代谢过程中释放的废物通过皮肤，肾脏，肺和肠道从体内排出。

●同化作用（又叫做合成代谢）：是你的“建构性新陈代谢”，可使机体进行自身建设和储存。所有合成代谢过程都是支撑新细胞的生长，身体组织的维持以及为未来储存能量。

These are governed by your Hormonal and Nervous systems. Interestingly, they work together like a team complimenting every single cellular action in your body. During this complex biochemical process, calories in food and beverages are combined with oxygen to release the energy your body needs to function.The number of calories your body uses to carry out these basic functions is known as your basal metabolic rate (or total energy expenditure) — what you might call metabolism.

这些都是由你的荷尔蒙和神经系统支配的。有趣的是，它们像一个团队一起工作，支持你身体的每一个细胞活动。在这个复杂的生化过程中，食物和饮料中的卡路里与氧气结合，释放出身体发挥功能时所需的能量，身体用于执行这些基本功能的卡路里数量称为基础代谢率（或总能量消耗）——可称之为新陈代谢。

The complexity of metabolism can be divided into three components:

1.Basal metabolic rate (BMR) –is the amount of kilojoules burned at restand contributes 50-80% of your energy used. The BMR refers to the amount of energy your body needs to maintain itself. This accounts for 50-80% of your total energy use. Total lean mass, especially muscle mass, is largely responsible for the BMR. So, anything that reduces lean mass will reduce BMR.

新陈代谢的要点可分为三个部分：

1.基础代谢率（BMR）-是在休息时燃烧的千焦耳量，占你所用能量的50-80％。BMR指的是身体维持自身所需的能量。这占总能耗的50-80％。总瘦肉量，尤其是肌肉量，是消耗BMR的主力军。因此，减少瘦肉质量的任何事情都会降低BMR。

2.Energy used during physical activity – this is the amount of kilojoules burned during movement and physical activity. The energy expenditure of the muscles makes up only 20% or so of the total energy expenditure at rest but, during strenuous exercise, the rate of energy expenditure of the muscles may go up 50-fold or more.

2.运动消耗的能量 - 这是在运动和身体活动期间燃烧的千焦耳热量。肌肉的能量消耗仅占休息时总能量消耗的20％左右，但是在剧烈运动期间，肌肉的能量消耗率可能上升50倍或更多。

3.Food processing (thermogenesis) – this is the energy you use to eat, digest and metabolize food. Regardless of what you thought before, eating actually raises your metabolism. No wonder diet-obsessed meal-skippers burn fewer calories AND have no energy to move. After each meal, the metabolic rise occurs soon after you start eating and peaks two to three hours later. It can range between 2-3% and up to 25-30%, depending on the size of the meal and the types of foods eaten. Fats raise the BMR by 4%, carbohydrates by 6% and proteins by up to 30%! Hot spicy foods can also have a significant thermic effect.

3.消化食品的能量（产热） - 这是你用来食用，消化和代谢食物的能量。不管你之前的想法如何，进食实际上会提高你的新陈代谢。难怪迷恋节食和错餐的人，消耗更少的卡路里并且没有能量移动。每餐后，您开始进食后很快就会出现新陈代谢，并在两到三个小时后达到峰值。它的范围在2-3％到25-30％之间，具体取决于进餐量和食物类型。脂肪可使BMR提高4％，碳水化合物提高6％，蛋白质提高30％！热的辛辣食物也可以产生显着的产热效应。

Several factors determine your individual basal metabolism, including:

· Your body size and composition. People who are larger or have more muscle burn more calories, even at rest.

· Your sex. Men usually have less body fat and more muscle than do women of the same age and weight, which means men burn more calories.

· Your age. As you get older, the amount of muscle tends to decrease and fat accounts for more of your weight, slowing down calorie burning. Energy needs for your body's basic functions stay fairly consistent and aren't easily changed.

有几个因素决定了你的个体基础代谢，包括：

•你的体型和成分。体型更大或肌肉更多的人即使在休息时也会燃烧更多的卡路里。

•你的性别。与同龄和体重的女性相比，男性通常体脂较少，肌肉较多，这意味着男性燃烧的卡路里更多。

•你的年龄。随着年龄的增长，肌肉量往往会减少，脂肪会占你体重的更多，从而减缓卡路里的燃烧。运行身体基本功能的能量需求保持相当一致，不易改变。

Metabolism and weight

It may be tempting to blame your metabolism for weight gain. But because metabolism is a natural process, your body has many mechanisms that regulate it to meet your individual needs. Only in rare cases do you get excessive weight gain from a medical problem that slows metabolism, such as Cushing's syndrome or having an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).

Unfortunately, weight gain is a complicated process. It's likely a combination of genetic makeup, hormonal controls, diet composition and the impact of environment on your lifestyle, including sleep, physical activity and stress.

All of these factors result in an imbalance in the energy equation. You gain weight when you eat more calories than you burn — or burn fewer calories than you eat.

代谢与体重

可能很容易将新陈代谢归咎于体重增加。但是因为新陈代谢是一个自然过程，你的身体有很多机制来调节它以满足你的个人需求。只有在极少数情况下，你才能从减缓新陈代谢中获得过多的体重增加，例如库欣综合征或甲状腺功能减退。

不幸的是，体重增加是一个复杂的过程。这可能是基因组成、荷尔蒙控制、饮食促成以及环境对你的生活方式的影响的组合，这包括睡眠，身体活动和压力。

所有的这些因素都会导致能量方程的不平衡。当你摄入的卡路里超过了你所燃烧的，或者说你所燃烧的卡路里比你摄入的多，你的体重就会增加。

Take Control of Your Metabolism, Take Control of Your Weight

控制新陈代谢，控制体重

How does our metabolism work? Metabolism is the process used by our bodies to convert food into energy. When your metabolism works correctly, the conversion of food to energy is a rapid process giving our bodies the chance to burn the calories you consume. When your metabolism is slow, you don’t effectively use the calories that you are taking in and this is what leads to excess body fat. This is what leads to weight gain. Two people can eat the exact same thing and one will burn all of the calories that they intake and the other will hold those calories and this is a direct effect of a fast and slow metabolism. So how do you take control of your metabolism? Here are some helpful pointers that will get your metabolism running like a freight train burning off those calories you intake before they turn into unwanted pounds.

我们的新陈代谢是如何运作的？代谢是我们的身体将食物转化为能量的过程。当你的新陈代谢正常的运作时，食物转化为能量是一个快速的过程，它给我们的身体燃烧你消耗的卡路里的机会。当你的新陈代谢减缓时，你便不能有效的消耗你所摄入的卡路里，而这就是导致我们身体脂肪过多的原因。这也是导致我们体重增加的原因。两个人可以吃完全相同的东西，一个人将会燃烧他们摄入的所有卡路里，另一个人将会保留这些卡路里，这是快速和缓慢新陈代谢的直接影响。那么，你应该怎样控制你的新陈代谢呢？以下是一些有帮助的指导方法，可以让你的新陈代谢在变成你不想要的体重之前，运作起来像一辆货运火车，燃烧掉你摄入的卡路里。

5 Ways to Take Control of Your Metabolism

五个控制新陈代谢的方法

1. Weight Training

Lifting weights is the best way to promote muscle growth.

Growing and repairing your muscles requires more energy from your body which in turn boosts your metabolism.

After a work out you will raise your metabolism so high that you will continue to burn calories for an additional three days! This is a very important way to take control of your metabolism because the process of repairing muscle takes time. You burn calories even while you’re sleeping!

1. 重量训练

举重是促进肌肉生长的最好方法。

生长和修复肌肉需要很多的身体能量，从而促进你的新陈代谢。

锻炼结束后，你的新陈代谢会升高，接下来的三天里会继续燃烧卡路里！这是控制新陈代谢的一种非常重要的方法，因为修复肌肉的过程需要时间。甚至在睡觉时，都会燃烧卡路里！

2. Eat Protein

Eating protein should be consumed daily but if you are trying to lose weight you should eat lean protein and have it count for 30 percent of your caloric intake during the day. Lean protein will help boost your metabolism throughout your day.

Lean proteins produce calories that are easily converted into energy rather than fat.

2.吃蛋白质

每天都应该食用蛋白质，但如果你想减肥，应该吃瘦肉蛋白，并让它占你一天所摄入的卡路里摄入量的30%。

食用瘦肉蛋白所产生的卡路里更容易转化成能量而不是脂肪。

3. Eat Often

During your day you need to eat little and often. Eating small meals more often during a day at the same times everyday has been shown to help take control of your metabolism.

Diets that limit your caloric intake to under 1,000 calories actually do harm because eating so little slows down your metabolism causing your body to eat away at your muscles first before moving to fat.

Eat clean, small portions often to take control of your metabolism.

3. 多吃

在一天中，你需要少量多次进餐。每天在同一时间更频繁地吃少量的饭菜，已被证明有助于控制你的新陈代谢。

将热量摄入量限制在1000卡路里以下的饮食实际上是有害的，因为进食这么少会减慢你的新陈代谢，进而导致你的身体在转而消耗脂肪之前先吃掉你的肌肉。

要通过经常吃适量的，小部分的食物以控制你的新陈代谢。

4. Spicy Foods

This one is a give and take. The give is finding spicy foods with lower calories and low fat. The take is spicy foods can raise your heart rate which in turn will boost your metabolism.

Cayenne pepper and chilli powders are a common favorites to add to lean proteins to get the best results when boosting your metabolism.

4. 吃辣的食物

这种方法可以说是一种良性活跃机制。摄入辛辣食物是因为发现它着低热量，低脂肪。辛辣食物反作用于新陈代谢是说它可以提高你的心率，从而促进你的新陈代谢。

辣椒粉和辣椒粉是添加到瘦肉蛋白中的常见食物，在提高新陈代谢时获得最佳效果。

5.Supplements

Sometimes the clean eating and excercise are just not enough. This is where CLA can help. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an excellent fat burner but is also used as an effective metabolism booster. Taking CLA reduces fat deposits in the body and decreases appetite.

CLA increases your metabolism. It also causes you to burn calories and fat faster, which suggests an increase in metabolism.

5. 吃补品

有时适量的饮食和锻炼是不够的。这是 CLA 可以提供帮助的地方。共轭亚油酸(CLA)是一种极好的脂肪燃烧器，但也被用作有效的代谢助推器。服用CLA可减少体内脂肪的沉积，降低食欲。

CLA 增加你的新陈代谢，还会促使你更快地燃烧卡路里和脂肪，这表明新陈代谢有所增加。

重点医学词汇汇总：

1.metabolism [m??tæb?l?z?m] 新陈代谢

2.life-sustaining [la?f s??ste?n??] 维持生命的

3.nitrogenous [na??trɑd??n?s] 含氮的

4.enzyme-catalyzed [?enza?m ?kæt??la?zd] 酶催化的

5.catabolism [k??tæb?l?z?m] 分解代谢（异化作用）

6.anabolism [?'næb?liz?m] 合成代谢（同化作用）

7.anabolic [?æn??b?l?k] 合成代谢的；同化的

8.intestine [?n?t?st?n] 肠

9.hypothyroidism [?ha?po??θa?r??d?z?m] 甲状腺功能减退

以上就是小编为大家整理的医学英语翻译|Metabolism文本翻译，还请大家多多关注医学教育网，我们会随时更新更多更好的有关医学知识、医疗招聘及考试辅导等相关信息。敬请期待！