“全国卫生系统外语水平考试:同位语从句”相信是准备全国卫生系统外语水平考试的朋友比较关注的事情,为此,医学教育网小编整理内容如下:
同位语从句
(1)理论常识
同位语从句是对其前面的抽象名词(例如:idea , insistence , instruction , order , plan , proposal等)进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句的结构一定是先行词加引导词加上从句的构成,that并不是仅有的可以引导同位语从句的引导词,whether , why , who . 从句一定要具有完整的句子结构,主谓宾都必须齐全,引导词不充当任何成分。
常见先行词:
belief , fact , hope , idea , doubt , news , rumor , conclusion , evidence ,suggestion , problem , order , answer , decision , discovery , explanation , information , knowledge , law , opinion , truth , promise , report , thought , statement , rule , possibility .
(2)题举例
例句1:The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.
重点词汇及短语:
loyal adj. 忠实的,忠诚的 ≠ disloyal;be loyal to 对……忠诚
loyalty n. 忠诚,忠实,忠贞
favor v. 更喜欢;偏向 n. 恩惠;支持,赞同;in favo(u)r of sth 支持,赞许……
sustain v. 保持,维持 = maintain;遭受,经受believe in 信任,信赖
句子成分分析:本句主干the idea goes……,正常语序应为The idea goes (that) the most loyal customers would…… and they'd feel like they were…… believe in.
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor和they'd feel like they were helping……believe in为and连接的两个并列的同位语从句,解释the idea.
在第一个同位语从句中,they favor是一个定语从句,修饰the product.在第二个同位语从句中,like等同于as if,其后紧跟的内容为表语从句。在这个表语从句中,包含一个定语从句they believe in,修饰something.
表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。可引导表语从句的词有:从属连词whether,as,as if / though,连接代词who,whom,whose以及because,why等。
参考译文:这种想法是,最忠诚的顾客仍然愿意买他们喜欢的产品,他们还会觉得自己在帮助维持他们信任的产品的质量。
例句2:Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
重点词汇及短语:
analysis n.(对事物/形势/问题的)分析
rule out 排除,拒绝考虑
influence n. 影响(力),作用 v.统治;控制;
account n. 叙述,报道;账户
take account (n.)of sth = take sth into accout 考虑到某事
leniency =lenience n. 仁慈,宽大
contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生);捐献,捐助
political campaigns政治活动
fine n. 罚金,罚款v. 对……处以罚款
句子成分分析:
本句主干:Their analysis ruled out the possibility……。that引导一个同位语从句,同位语从句中的it was…… rather than…… that……为强调句结构,其中firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand为强调部分。
在这个强调结构中,accounted for为真正的谓语,the leniency为真正的宾语。冒号后面的内容是对前面内容的进一步补充说明。英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型,那就是“it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他”结构。
强调句中的连接词一般为that(可指物,也可指人)或who(指人)。若被强调的是状语,则只能用that ,而不能用when 或者where,且连接词都不能省略。
参考译文:他们的分析排除了让公司受到宽大处理的原因是其政治影响力而非其企业社会责任立场的这种可能性:对政治活动投入更多的公司并没有处以更少的罚金。
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